When appraisers rate other people, giving special consideration to those qualities that they perceive in themselves, they are making a: ?

Every time an appraisers would rate other people and giving considerations to the qualities that they have in similar, they are then making what you call the similarity error. Hope this is the right answer and would be of help.

well, there are a lot of places we get information about earth from. like science classes, websites, books, newspapers, etc.

i think you really need to revive you answer! : d