Goldsmiths were able to practice an early form of fractional reserve banking because they knew that

uses : -

1.aneroid barometers primarily measure whether pressure is rising or falling.

2.aneroid barometers are often used for reading pressure in homes and recreational boats.  

3.other uses may include barographs in meteorology and altimeters in modern aircraft.  

4.this type of barometer can announce whether a high or low pressure system is coming or whether it is becoming more intense.  

5.there are different types of aneroid barometers, such as the altimeter, which measures altitude, or distance above sea level.  

6.another example is a barograph, which is a modified aneroid barometer that provides constant readings of atmospheric pressure on graph paper.  

7.when used in this capacity, the aneroid barometer can store a week's worth of data.

android diameter a device for measuring atmospheric pressure , often specially calibrated for use as an altimeter ,consisting of a box or chamber partially exhaused of air, having an elastic top and a pointer to indicate the degree of compression of the top caused by the external air

refer to the attachment for the characteristics : -

marginal cost is a microeconomic measure that us to evaluate the extent to which the level of production of a good is sustainable in accounting, that is, to how many quantities the company plans to profit from the production of the good.

the concept of marginal cost is simple, it means the cost of producing one more item. for example, in the case of pies, the marginal cost is the cost of producing one more pie than those that have already been produced.

it is important to understand that productive activity influences marginal cost. the marginal cost of some goods can be very high, while others may be insignificant. for example, the marginal cost of producing an extra plane is very high. already the marginal cost of a water company to provide 1l more water is derisory.

in the case of pies, the cost involves the inputs, the labor and the fixed cost, which involves the fixed space of the bakery. the level of production initially has the marginal cost decreasing because there is space and manpower available. however, to produce more you have to hire more workers and buy more inputs. if physical space is limited, workers will conflict with places, inputs and their productivity will decrease, meaning there is an optimum point of production for each level of space and manpower. from this point on, the productivity of the workers will be getting smaller because of lack of space, so that the marginal cost of producing one more pie will be increasing. so, although you have not posted the chart, but if you have the answer, you can see that my explanation goes according to the marginal cost curve that will increase from the 4th pie, answer (c).