The origins of rapping can be traced back to a style of talking or chanting over a rhythm or beat. what was this style called? where did it originate? when did it first emerge?

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.