The term can be taken broadly, to refer to presenting information in an attempt to influence people; or narrowly, to refer to one-sided information used to try to influence people.

Apsychologist has developed a series of personality inventories and wants to determine if they are valid. one of the scales measures perfectionism, so he asks a colleague for advice on how to establish the validity of this scale. the colleague tells him that if he were to find a sample of people with personality disorder, these people would obtain high scores on a scale that measures perfectionism.

Which member of the president's cabinet is most likely to negotiate a treaty with a foreign country? secretary of the interior secretary of the treasury secretary of defense secretary of state

What are policymakers trying to do by using the media to deliver specific messages to citizens?