An indiscriminable contingency is a contingency in which the learner can discriminate whether the next response will produce reinforcement.

Tortoise shells and snail shells are similar in function: they protect the organism from predators. based on a comparison of the organisms in the images, what can you conclude? 1. tortoises and snails have homologous organs, and they’re evolutionarily related. 2. tortoises and snails have homologous organs, and they belong to same species. 3. tortoises and snails have analogous organs, and they belong to the same species. 4. tortoises and snails have analogous organs, and they don’t belong to the same species. 5. tortoises and snails have analogous organs, and they aren’t evolutionarily related.

The graph shows the populations of two species over time. which type of symbiotic relationship does the graph represent? a. commensal b. mutualistic c. parasitic d. parent-offspring e. predator-prey

It takes longer to fly an airplane against a with it