following glycolysis and the krebs/tca cycle and before the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, the carbon skeleton of glucose has been broken down to co2. most of the energy from the original glucose at that point is in the form of

Number 3 is the logical, go-to answer for the classical school of thought as they strongly believe that an individual commits a crime of their own free will and fully understands the  consequences, making them liable to whatever punishment is dealt to them.