Which phrase describes the substitution effect?

When graphing a linear equation that is written in the form y=mx+b, the variable m represents the y-intercept. assuming that b> 0, which of the following best describes how reversing the sign of b would affect the graph? a) the new line will be shifted down b units b) the new line will be shifted down b x 2 units c) the new line will be a perfect reflection across the x-axis d) the new line will be a perfect reflection across the y-axis

In the image, layer a is the topmost layer. layer c contains fossils from the precambrian era. layer b contains dinosaur fossils, and layer a contains fossils of mammals. which two statements are supported by this evidence? 1. mammals lived before the precambrian era. 2. dinosaurs and mammals existed in the precambrian era. 3. dinosaurs evolved after precambrian organisms. 4. precambrian organisms evolved after dinosaurs. 5. precambrian organisms were the first life-forms to become fossilized, according to this sample.

Tortoise shells and snail shells are similar in function: they protect the organism from predators. based on a comparison of the organisms in the images, what can you conclude? 1. tortoises and snails have homologous organs, and they’re evolutionarily related. 2. tortoises and snails have homologous organs, and they belong to same species. 3. tortoises and snails have analogous organs, and they belong to the same species. 4. tortoises and snails have analogous organs, and they don’t belong to the same species. 5. tortoises and snails have analogous organs, and they aren’t evolutionarily related.