Nearly 150 rivers and streams flow into a bay that has many species of fish, birds, and other animals. An ecologist records that the bay experiences an algal bloom every summer. The algae have a short life cycle, grow quickly in the presence of nutrients, and consume large amounts of oxygen from the bay’s water when they decay. Further studies confirm that runoff of excess nutrients from nearby farms is the cause for the excess algal growth.

Adult wasps sting caterpillars and inject their eggs into the caterpillars. the larvae feed on the caterpillars, leading to the death of the caterpillars. what kind of a relationship exists between the wasps and the caterpillars? a. the adult wasps are parasites to the caterpillars. b. the caterpillars are parasites to the wasps. c. the adult wasps are commensals, and the caterpillars are hosts. d. the caterpillars are commensals, and the adult wasps are hosts.