Aflashlight beam strikes the surface of a pane of glass ( n = 1.58) at a 46 ∘ angle to the normal. what is the angle of refraction?

Note: I assume the beam comes from air (refractive index: n=1.00).

We can solve the problem by using Snell's law, which states:

where
is the refractive index of the first medium
is the angle of incidence (measured with respect to the normal to the surface)
is the refractive index of the second medium
is the angle of refraction (measured with respect to the normal to the surface).

In our problem, we have




Therefore we can re-arrange Snell's law to find the angle of refraction: