Acar accelerates from rest along a straight road. as it accelerates, the magnitude of the car's momentum changes by a certain amount. by how much does the magnitude of the momentum of the earth itself change? 1. we need more information about the force of friction between tires and road that accelerated the car. 2. a much larger amount since the earth has a much larger mass 3. the same amount 4. a much smaller amount since the earth has a much larger mass 5. none of these

The answer would be the same amount. The system of car and earth is a roughly isolated system during the short time of acceleration (disregarding the rotation of the earth around its axis and its motion around the sun during this brief prompt). Therefore the net force on the system of car and road is zero, and the magnitude of alteration of momentum of both the car and the earth is the alike. 

W= fd
where f is an applied force and d is the distance over which it is applied. when a parachuting skydiver is at constant velocity, he is experiencing "terminal velocity", the point at which his acceleration down is canceled out by air resistance. that means that the resisting force of the air is equal to his weight, but in the opposite direction. with this, we can solve for the work done by the force.
w = fd
w = (92.0)(9.81 m/s^2) (325)
w= 2.93 x 10^5 j
the value for work in this case is positive because it is pushing up on the skydiver, who has a downward force of gravity.
therefore the answer is 2.93 x 10^5 j