All parts of the electromagnetic spectrum travel at a speed of 3 × 108 m/s when traveling through no medium. a "vacuum” means that there is no medium, such as a tube without any air in it. therefore, 3 × 108 m/s is said to be the speed of light in a vacuum. if an electromagnetic wave’s frequency doubles in a vacuum, what are the other effects on the wave?

Consider a double atwood machine constructed as follows: a mass 4m is suspended from a string that passes over a massless pulley on frictionless bearings. the other end of this string supports a second similar pulley, over which passes a second string supporting a mass of 3m at one end and m at the other. using two suitable generalized coordinates, set up the lagrangian and use the lagrange equations to find the acceleration of the mass 4m when the system is released. explain why the top pulley rotates even though it carries equal weights on each side.

Consider two regions of space containing a static electric field, region a and region b. in region a the equipotential lines are more closely spaced than those in region b. what can be said about the relative strength of the electric field in the two regions? a) the electric field in region a is stronger th

What is the name of the perceived change in a sound wave’s frequency due to motion between the observer and the sound source?