As ocean waves get closer to the shore they slow down. this slowing causes them to bend and come in close to parallel with the shore. this is because shallow water and deep water can be thought of as two different media. this bending of a wave is the wave interaction known as

as we know our atmosphere or air have different levels. every level has other gasses, and every gas has another permeability. when the light comes from lower permeability to higher permeability, it changes its direction. so that means that when the light comes from the moon to the earth, it changes it's direction many more times. it basically means that the shape of the light part of the moon is changed on the earth.

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gravitational energy

electrical energy

kinetic energy

ligh energy