Earth is closer to nearby planets including Venus and Mars than it is to the sun. Why don't these other planets pull Earth toward them and cause it to veer off its orbit around the sun

Velocity is the speed of an object in a certain direction so you'd need to know speed and direction

Your a knife i think

This represent the objects (dot) motion a specific times. motion such a velocity and acceleration. if this is the first dot, then it is a t = 0, or not moving. depend on where the dot is.