What types of change occur when water changes from a solid to a liquid?

Your 249 ml cup of coffee is too hot to drink when served at 82 degree celsius. what is the mass of an ice cube taken from a -21 degree celsius freezer, that will cool your coffee to a pleasant 54 degree celsius. specific heat of the water is 4190 j/kg c, specific heat of ice is 2090 j/kg c, heat of fusion of ice is 3.33 x 10^5 j/kg

Samir watches a 100-minute movie on his spaceship. maria's spaceshipe flies in the same direction as samir's spaceship but she observes his move to last 125 minutes and his spaceship to be 40 m long. how long does samir observe his own spaceship to be? according to an observer on earth, planet x is stationary. maria and samir depart earth on their spaceships at the same time, each flying at 0.5c. maria flies toward planet x and samir flies in the opposite direction. according to maria, her voyage to planet x takes 9 years. how many years does marias voyage take according to samir?

Who was the first scientist to measure speed as distance over time?