The work function for aluminum is 4.08 eV. Ultraviolet light of wavelength 121 nm is incident on the clean surface of a aluminum sample. We wish to predict the stopping voltage we will need for electrons ejected from the surface. (a) What is the photon energy of the ultraviolet light

Suppose that an electromagnetic wave which is linearly polarized along the x−axis is propagating in vacuum along the z−axis. the wave is incident on a conductor which is placed at z > 0 region of the space. the conductor has conductivity σ, magnetic permeability µ and electric permittivity ε. (a) find the characteristic time for the free charge density which dissipates at the conductor. (b) write the maxwell equations and derive the wave equation for a plane wave propagating in a conductor. (c) find the attenuation distance at which the incident amplitude reduces to e ^−1 of its initial value. (d) find the electric and magnetic fields inside the conductor. 8 (e) find the power loss per area of the incident electromagnetic wave at the surface of conductor.

In a thunderstorm, charge builds up on the water droplets or ice crystals in a cloud. thus, the charge can be considered to be distributed uniformly throughout the cloud. for the purposes of this problem, take the cloud to be a sphere of diameter 1.00 kilometer. the point of this problem is to estimate the maximum amount of charge that this cloud can contain, assuming that the charge builds up until the electric field at the surface of the cloud reaches the value at which the surrounding air breaks down. this breakdown means that the air becomes highly ionized, enabling it to conduct the charge from the cloud to the ground or another nearby cloud. the ionized air will then emit light due to the recombination of the electrons and atoms to form excited molecules that radiate light. in addition, the large current will heat up the air, resulting in its rapid expansion. these two phenomena account for the appearance of lightning and the sound of thunder. take the breakdown electric field of air to be eb=3.00ă—106n/c. part a estimate the total charge q on the cloud when the breakdown of the surrounding air is reached. express your answer numerically, to three significant figures, using ďµ0=8.85ă—10â’12c2/(nâ‹…m2) .

Mass (kg) force (n) 5 25 10 50 15 75 20 100 a student was trying to find the relationship between mass and force. he placed four different masses on a table and pulled them using a spring scale. the table shows the different masses used in the experiment and the force required to pull each mass. the student concluded that more force was required to pull heavier objects. what comment would you make regarding his conclusion? a) no clear relation can be observed between mass and force from the data. b) there is a direct proportion between the mass and force listed in the table. c) gravity should have been taken into account while performing the experiment. d) there is an inverse proportion between the mass and force listed in the table.