Sự khác nhau giữa lực điện động 1 chiều và lực điện động xoay chiều là gì ?

Aparticle of mass m is projected with an initial velocity v0 in a direction making an angle α with the horizontal level ground as shown in the figure. the motion of the particle occurs under a uniform gravitational field g pointing downward. (a) write down the lagrangian of the system by using the cartesian coordinates (x, y). (b) is there any cyclic coordinate(s). if so, interpret it (them) physically. (c) find the euler-lagrange equations. find at least one constant of motion. (d) solve the differential equation in part (c) and obtain x and y coordinates of the projectile as a function of time. (e) construct the hamiltonian of the system, h, and write down the hamilton’s equations (canonical equations) of motion.

If an atom contains 11 protons in its nucleus, predict the element with the atomic number and electronic configuration. will the number of electrons remain the same during the chemical reaction in such an atom? explain.

What are the similarities & differences between a thermistor and a light dependent resistor in physics?