Why potential energy become equal to kinetic energy at height

What type of nuclear decay causes the atomic number of an element to increase by 1?

Total solidification times of three casting geometries are to be compared: a sphere, a cylinder, in which the length-to-diameter ration - 1.0, and a cube. volume = 1000 cm^3 for all three shhapes, and the same casting alloy is used. a) determine the solidification times of each geometry b) based on the results of part (a), which geometric element would make the best riser? c) if the mold constant = 3.5 min/cm^2 in chvorinov's rule, compute the total solidification time for each casting.

Can anybody me with this? ? (picture included.)