A car's bumper is designed to withstand a 5.04 km/h (1.4-m/s) collision with an immovable object without damage to the body of the car. The bumper cushions the shock by absorbing the force over a distance. Calculate the magnitude of the average force on a bumper that collapses 0.255 m while bringing a 830 kg car to rest from an initial speed of 1.4 m/s.

the magnitude of the average force on the bumper is 3189.8 N

Explanation:

Given the data in the question;

In terms of force and displacement, work done is;

W = ×

W =    ------- let this be equation 1

where F is force applied, x is displacement and θ is angle between force and displacement.

Now, since the displacement of the bumper and force acting on it is in the same direction,

hence, θ = 0°

we substitute into equation 1

W = 0°

W = ------- let this be equation 2

Now, using work energy theorem,

total work done on the system is equal to the change in kinetic energy of the system.

= ΔKE

= mv² -  mu² --------- let this be equation 3

where m is mass of object, v is final velocity, u is initial velocity.

from equation 2 and 3

= mv² -  mu²

we make F, the subject of formula

F = ( v² - u² )

given that mass of car m = 830 kg, x = 0.255 m, v = 0 m/s, and u = 1.4 m/s

so we substitute

F = ( (0)² - (1.4)² )

F = 1627.45098 ( 0 - 1.96 )

F = 1627.45098 ( - 1.96 )

F = -3189.8 N

The negative sign indicates that the direction of the force was in opposite compare to the direction of the velocity of the car.

Therefore, the magnitude of the average force on the bumper is 3189.8 N

b.

explanation: