A system can only achieve a lower energy state by:

Which of the following statements is true about women and minorities in early psychology? a. in the early 20th century, numerous graduate schools recruited women and minorities to study psychology. b. opportunities in higher education were limited for women and minorities in the early 20th century due to discrimination. c. despite some obstacles, there were numerous employment opportunities for women and minorities. d. women and minorities were often selected to do academic research in an effort to make the field more diverse.

The magnitude of the amount of energy released by burning a fuel source, measured in energy per unit mass, is called its fuel value. note that the fuel value is the negative of the isobaric specific heat of combustion for the fuel. if all the energy obtained from burning 1.23 pounds of butane with a fuel value of 10.85 kcal/g is used to heat 128.0 kg of water at an initial temperature of 18.3 °c, what is the final temperature? note that 1 lb = 453.6 g.

Arigid tank is divided into two equal parts by a partition. one part of the tank contains 3 kg of compressed liquid water at 400 kpa and 60°c while the other part is evacuated. the partition is now removed, and the water expands to fill the entire tank. determine the entropy change of water during this process, if the final pressure in the tank is 40 kpa. use steam tables.