A 2.6 mm -diameter sphere is charged to -4.5 nC . An electron fired directly at the sphere from far away comes to within 0.37 mm of the surface of the target before being reflected. Part A What was the electron's initial speed

Explanation:

Given

Diameter of sphere is

Charge on the sphere is

Nearest distance electron can reach to sphere is

Here, kinetic energy of electron is converted into electrostatic energy between the two i.e.

Thus, the initial speed of electron is .

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see the picture for the vector

the magnitude of the vector by pythagorean theorem

r = √( (-10)^2 + (3)^2 ) = √109

magnitude = √109 units

the direction angle between vector and x-axis is

tan^(-1)(3/10) = 16.699

so the direction is approximately 16.7 degrees north of west