Which of the following characteristics of the earth are essential to the existence of life?

Apositive point charge q is fixed on a very large horizontal frictionless tabletop. a second positive point charge q is released from rest near the stationary charge and is free to move. which statement best describes the motion of q after it is released? assume q stays on the table

(a) if the pressure in gas is doubled while its volume is held constant, by what factor do (i) vrms and (ii) change? (b) is it possible to boil water at room temperature (20oc) without heating it? explain.

The heater element of a 120 v toaster is a 5.4 m length of nichrome wire, whose diameter is 0.48 mm. the resistivity of nichrome at the operating temperature of the toaster is 1.3 × 10-6 ω·m. the toaster is operated at a voltage of 120 v. (a) what is the power drawn by the toaster? (b) if the cost of electricity is 12 ¢ per kilowatt-hour, and it takes 2 minutes to toast bread, how much does it cost for toasted bread? (c) when the heater element is at room temperature, is the resistivity in the nichrome wire greater than, less than, or equal to it’s resistivity when at operating temperature? explain.