When a driver brakes an automobile, friction between the brake disks and the brake pads converts part of the car's kinetic energy to internal energy. If
a 1500 kg automobile traveling at 32 m/s comes to a halt after its brakes
are applied, how much can the temperature rise in each of the four 3.5
kg steel brake disks? Assume the disks are made of iron (c = 448 J/kg•°C)
and that all of the kinetic energy is distributed in equal parts to the internal
energy of the brakes.

Dinate system, and a charge q = - 2.00 nc is placed s2 10 n> c. (a) what is the change in electric potential energy when the dipole moment of a molecule changes its orientation with respect to es from parallel to perpendicular? (b) at what absolute temperature t is the average translational kinetic energy 32 kt of a molecule equal to the change in potential energy calculated in part(: abovethistemperature, thermalagitationprevents the dipoles from aligning with the electric field.) placed in a uniform electric field e with magnitude 1.6 * 6 on the positive x-axis at x = 4.00 cm. (a) if a third charge q3 = +6.00 nc is now placed at the point x = 4.00 cm, y = 3.00 cm, find the x- and y-components of the total force exerted on this charge by the other two. (b) find the magnitude and direction of figure p21.62 ll uu 21.55 . torque on a dipole. an electric dipole with dipole moment ps is in a uniform external electric field es. (a) find the orientations of the dipole for which the torque on the dipole is zero. (b) which of the orientations in part (a) is stable, and which is unstable? (hint: consider a small rotation away from the equi- librium position and see what happens.) (c) show that for the stable orientation in part (b), the dipole’s own electric field tends to oppose the external field. 21.62 ..

An atom that has gained or lost electrons is called an _

A6.0-μf air-filled capacitor is connected across a 100-v voltage source. after the source fully charges the capacitor, the capacitor is immersed in transformer oil (of dielectric constant 4.5). how much additional charge flows from the voltage source, which remained connected during the process?