In albuquerque, we live approximately 5,500 feet above sea level, which means the normal atmospheric pressure is less than 1 atm. in albuquerque, will water freeze at a lower temperature or a higher temperature than at 1 atmosphere? will water boil at a higher or lower temperature, than at 1 atmosphere?

The freezing point would be higher due to the lower vapor pressure. Additionally, the boiling point of water at the higher elevation and lower atmospheric pressure would decrease. Less vapor pressure allows the water molecules to escape into the atmosphere with less energy than at sea level.

stands for electromotive force and it is measured in volts. despite its name, it is not actually the force in the sense of being a "pushing" or "pulling" (not measured in newtons).an equation that relates emf,  ℰ,  to a battery's terminal voltage, v, current, i, and internal resistance, r, is    ℰ = v + irin this case, the emf can be interpreted as a voltage—a difference in electric potential.i would not say that it would be considered an energy. if emf can be defined as the energy/work per a unit charge from a battery or other electric source, then it is not strictly energy.

Iwould think it is temperature, silica, oxides (gases)