We see a full moon by reflected sunlight. how much earlier did the light that enters our eye leave the sun

We know that the source of light in the universe is the Sun. Hence, the light we see as moonlight travels from the Sun's surface, to the moon, then to Earth. So, before being able to solve this problem, we have to know the distance between the Sun and the moon, and the distance between the moon and Earth. In literature, these values are 3.8×10⁵ km (Sun to moon) and 384,400 km (moon to Earth). Knowing that the speed of light is 300,000 km per second, then the total time would be

Time = distance/speed
Time = (3.8×10⁵ km + 384,400 km)/300,000 km/s
Time = 2.548 seconds

Thus, it only takes 2.548 for the light from the Sun to reach to the Earth as perceived to be what we call moonlight.

Protons have a positive charge and, collectively, give an element its atomic number.