As compared to the density of the asthenosphere, the oceanic lithosphere is

If the heat engine is a perfect carnot cycle engine, thenefficiency = (t2-t1)/t2   where t1=temperature of cold reservoir ( ° k) = 135            t2=temperature of hot reservoir ( ° k)   = 325thereforeefficiency = (t2-t1)/t2 = (325-135)/325 = 0.5846 = 58%  note: this is the theoretical maximum efficiency of a perfect heat engine.   real-life engines do not achieve this value.

Ok what do you need with

Ray 2 should cross through the focal point on the right side of the lens

The  moon has  insufficient gravity to retain an  atmosphere. we conclude that the moon has no atmosphere  because its gravitational field is too weak to  have  retained any  atmosphere  that it had over times comparable to the age of the solar system.