Roads often have to be repaved because they crack over time. sometimes this cracking is due to the fact that the roads (as well as other objects) have a tendency to expand when heated and contract when cooled. thermal expansion and contraction are examples of
a.
physical and chemical changes.
b.
physical changes.
c.
chemical changes.
d.
neither physical nor chemical changes.

B. Physical Change - The molecules do not change shape or size. They do not contract or expand only.

stands for electromotive force and it is measured in volts. despite its name, it is not actually the force in the sense of being a "pushing" or "pulling" (not measured in newtons).an equation that relates emf,  ℰ,  to a battery's terminal voltage, v, current, i, and internal resistance, r, is    ℰ = v + irin this case, the emf can be interpreted as a voltage—a difference in electric potential.i would not say that it would be considered an energy. if emf can be defined as the energy/work per a unit charge from a battery or other electric source, then it is not strictly energy.