Time-outs are ineffective because
a. an adult uses a timer to make sure that the time-out is age appropriate.
b. the adult wins the power struggle.
c. the child quietly sits until the timer goes off.
d. a power struggle is created between the adult and the child.

Time-outs are ineffective because

c. the child quietly sits until the timer goes off.

Explanation:

Time out was a technique proposed in the early 2000s with a poor notion of behavioralism control of the stimuli or conditions. However, after the children develop resistance to it by understanding that after a short while he or she will be delivered back to what he or she was doing there will be no permanent loss for them. Thus, it is a very ineffective technique created under the seeking of extension of the stimulus. An effective technique of removal of the variable would retrieve the stimuli and explain to the children it was retrieved from him or her because she didn't fulfill the expectations of behavior attached to it.