You are riding on a school bus and suddenly get thrown forward. what did the bus just do?
a. the bus makes a hard turn to the right.
b. the bus is going forward and suddenly stops.
c. the bus is going backward and suddenly stops.
d. the bus makes a hard turn to the left.

You are thrown the direction that the bus was originally going.

If the bus is going straight and it turns left your body will keep trying to go straight. This is the same if the bus turns to the left.

We know the answer is not A and D however because when turning you are not 'suddenly' thrown forward.

We know it cannot be that the bus was going backward and suddenly stopped because you would fly in the original direction of the bus which is backwards.

The answer is B because you are going forward, then suddenly stop, which means you are suddenly flung in the direction the bus was originally going which was forward.

Is a  vector quantity  that refers to "the rate at which an object changes its position." imagine a person moving rapidly - one step forward and one step back - always returning to the original starting position. while this might result in a frenzy of activity, it would result in a zero velocity. because the person always returns to the original position, the motion would never result in a change in position. since velocity is defined as the rate at which the position changes, this motion results in zero velocity. if a person in motion wishes to maximize their velocity, then that person must make every effort to maximize the amount that they are displaced from their original position. every step must go into moving that person further from where he or she started. for certain, the person should never change directions and begin to return to the starting position.