Afirefighter mounts the nozzle of his fire hose a distance 36.9 m away from the edge of a burning building so that it sprays from ground level at a 45° angle above the horizontal. after quenching a hotspot at a height of 8.85 m, the firefighter adjusts the nozzle diameter so that the water hits the building at a height of 17.9 m. by what factor was the nozzle diameter changed? assume that the diameter of the hose stays the same, and treat the water as an ideal fluid.

The heater element of a 120 v toaster is a 5.4 m length of nichrome wire, whose diameter is 0.48 mm. the resistivity of nichrome at the operating temperature of the toaster is 1.3 × 10-6 ω·m. the toaster is operated at a voltage of 120 v. (a) what is the power drawn by the toaster? (b) if the cost of electricity is 12 ¢ per kilowatt-hour, and it takes 2 minutes to toast bread, how much does it cost for toasted bread? (c) when the heater element is at room temperature, is the resistivity in the nichrome wire greater than, less than, or equal to it’s resistivity when at operating temperature? explain.