A physics professor wants to demonstrate the large size of the henry unit. On the outside of a 16-cm-diameter plastic hollow tube, she wants to wind an air-filled solenoid with self-inductance of 1.0 H using copper wire with a 0.79-mm diameter. The solenoid is to be tightly wound with each turn touching its neighbor (the wire has a thin insulating layer on its surface so the neighboring turns are not in electrical contact). Required:
a. How long will the plastic tube need to be?
b. How many kilometers of copper wire will be required?
c. What will be the resistance of this solenoid?

a) the plastic tube need to be 24.7 m long

b) the kilometer of copper wire required is 15.7

c) the resistance of this solenoid is 5538.8 2 ohms

Explanation:

Given the data in the question;

we determine the length of the plastic tube. assuming the solenoid is long.

the self inductance of a long solenoid is;

L = μ₀n²πr²l

μ₀ = 4π × 10⁻⁷ T-m/A

where

n = number of turns per unit length

r = radius of the solenoid = 8cm (as the diameter of the plastic hollow tube is 16 cm)

l = length of the solenoid or the length of the plastic tube

we find n = number of turns per unit length

given that, the copper wire to be wound around the solenoid is 0.79 mm in diameter

number of turns per meter = n = 1 / ( 0.79 × 10⁻³ m ) = 1265.8 turns/meter

So from our previous formula, we find l

L = μ₀n²πr²l

we substitute

1.0 H = (4π × 10⁻⁷ T-m/A)( 1265.8 )²(3.14)(0.08)² ( l)

1 = 0.04048 × l

l = 1 / 0.04048

l = 24.7 m

Therefore, the plastic tube need to be 24.7 m long

b)  

n = number of turns per unit length = 1265.8 turns/metre

so, the length of the plastic tube over which the copper wire is to be wound,

number of turns of copper wire required = n × l

= 1265.8 turns/meter × 24.7 m

= 31,265.26 turns

Now each turn of the copper wire is to be wound across the 18cm diameter of the plastic tube.

so for each turn length of copper wire required = 2π × r

= 2π × 0.08 m

= 0.5026548 m

So copper wire required for 31,265.26 turns will be;

⇒ 31,265.26 × 0.5026548 = 15715.63m = 15.7 km

Therefore, the kilometer of copper wire required is 15.7

c)

p = resistivity of copper = 1.68 × 10⁻⁸ ohm-m

Resistance = pl/a

where l is length of copper wire, a is cross sectional area;

diameter of copper wire is 0.79-mm

radius of copper wire is 0.79/2 = 0.395 mm = 0.000395 m

area of cross section of copper wire a = πr² = π( 0.00395)² = 4.9 × 10⁻⁷ m²

Resistance = pl/a

we substitute

Resistance = [(1.68 × 10⁻⁸ ohm-m)( 15715.63m )] / [ 4.9 × 10⁻⁷ m² ]

Resistance =  5538.8 2 ohms

Therefore,  the resistance of this solenoid is 5538.8 2 ohms

scattering of light by tiny particles in air to produce the colors we see on sky, is dependent on the following factors:

(i) wavelength of light

(ii) size of the scattering particle  

(iii) distance traveled by light through the atmosphere.

according to rayleigh's law of scattering, the amount of scattering is inversely proportional to the fourth power of its wavelength. shorter the wavelength, greater is its scattering. hence violet/blue light is scattered more than red.

sun's light is a composite light ( visible light) with wavelengths in the range 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red). as sunlight passes through our atmosphere, the molecules of air scatter light according to their wavelengths. during sunrise and sunset, the sun's position is below the horizon. hence light from the sun travels a greater distance in the atmosphere when compared to its position a noon.

as sunlight enters the earth's atmosphere, blue light is scattered away and at the end of its journey in the sky, only red and orange wavelengths remain in the beam.

hence at sunrise and sunset, the sky appears reddish orange.