A ball is thrown vertically downward from the top of a 37.4-m-tall building. The ball passes the top of a window that is 15.4 m above the ground 2.00 s after being thrown. What is the speed of the ball as it passes the top of the window?

v= 20.8 m/s

Explanation:

Assuming no other forces acting on the ball, from the instant that is thrown vertically downward, it's only accelerated by gravity, in this same direction, with a constant value of -9.8 m/s2  (assuming the ground level as the zero reference level and the upward direction as positive).In order to find the final speed 2.00 s after being thrown, we can apply the definition of acceleration, rearranging terms, as follows:

       

We have the value of t, but since the ball was thrown, this means that it had an initial non-zero velocity v₀.Due to we know the value of the vertical displacement also, we can use the following kinematic equation in order to find the initial velocity v₀:

       

where Δy = yf - y₀ = 15.4 m - 37.4 m = -22 m (3)Replacing by the values of Δy, a and t, we can solve for v₀ as follows:

       

Replacing (4) , and the values of g and t in (1) we can find the value that we are looking for, vf:

       

Therefore, the speed of the ball (the magnitude of the velocity) as it passes the top of the window is 20.8 m/s.