Read the selection from the section "Vestigial Structures." These are leftovers from an earlier form of the species before it changed. Over time, a species can collect several adaptations that eventually render a particular structure useless, however, this structure does not completely disappear.

Consider a double atwood machine constructed as follows: a mass 4m is suspended from a string that passes over a massless pulley on frictionless bearings. the other end of this string supports a second similar pulley, over which passes a second string supporting a mass of 3m at one end and m at the other. using two suitable generalized coordinates, set up the lagrangian and use the lagrange equations to find the acceleration of the mass 4m when the system is released. explain why the top pulley rotates even though it carries equal weights on each side.