View the photo below, read the passage, and answer the question. The arcs in the photo are background galaxies that were distorted and magnified by a giant cluster of dark matter. As the light leaves its source, the gravity of the cluster of dark matter bends that light, creating the swoops in the image above.

This passage best supports which conclusion about dark matter?

a. Dark matter does not give off light, but scientists can see the reflection in stars around it
b. Dark matter is created from clouds of dust and gas scattered throughout the universe
c. Dark matter has a significant impact on the stellar life cycle
d. Dark matter does not give off light, so it can only be detected by observing the effects of gravity on visible objects nearby