If the isolation value at the outer edge of earths atmosphere over New York state equals 7.75 joules per square centimeter per minute why are the values lower at the surface in New York

Iwill give 30 points to whoever answers ! what is the formula for actual mechanical advantage and ideal mechanical advantage?

Two rigid transformations are used to map δhjk to δlmn. the first is a translation of vertex h to vertex l. what is the second transformation? a reflection across the line containing hk a rotation about point h a reflection across the line containing hj a rotation about point k

Engineers find a new metal that is stronger than steel but much lighter. this material is also significantly cheaper than what is currently used for most aircraft, available in large quantities, and easy to manufacture. the engineers are excited because this new material will lower the costs of buying and operating airplanes for companies. what is probably the best step for the engineers to make next?