What causes the displays of lights called auroras? ?

Glass is transparent to visibile light under normal conditions; however, at extremely high intensities, glass will absorb most of the light incident upon it. this works through a process known as multiphoton absorption. in this process, several photons are absorbed at the same time. if very intense light whose photons carry 2ev of energy is shined onto a material with a band gap of 4ev, that light can be absorbed through two-photon absorption, because two photons have the right amount of energy to bridge the band gap. what is the minimum number of photons of 800-nm light that are needed to equal or exceed the band gap of fused silica glass

As part of your daily workout, you lie on your back and push with your feet against a platform attached to two stiff springs arranged side by side so that they are parallel to each other. when you push the platform, you compress the springs. you do an amount of work of 79.0 j when you compress the springs a distance of 0.230 m from their uncompressed length. (a) what magnitude of force must you apply to hold the platform in this position? (b)how much additional work must you do to move the platform a distance 0.230 m farther? (c) what maximum force must you apply to move the platform a distance 0.230 m farther?

Observations show that interstellar clouds can have almost any shape and