4. When a ray of light is incident at a critical angle in denser medium, the angle of refraction in rarer medium is
A 0°
B 45°
C 90°
D 180°

The lights used by mark watley (played by matt damon) during the film the martian seem to be metal halide lamps. metal halide lamps are filled with vaporized mercury and metal-halogen compounds. when an electric current is passed through the lamp, the tube begins to glow a bright white/blue color. if you were to pass this light through a prism to separate the individual light frequencies, you would see a rainbow just as you would if using natural sunlight because of the complexity of the metal halide gas and the vast amount of possible electron transitions. (the study of light in this way is known as spectroscopy and allows astronomers to know exactly what atoms compose distant stars, simply by looking at the light they emit. the spectral lines an atom produces uniquely identifies that atom just like a fingerprint uniquely identifies a person. the momentum equation and energy equation that we have used above can be combined to give the following equation: c = e p where again p is the phonon momentum, e is the photon energy and c is the speed of light. when you divide the photon energy found in #6 by the photon momentum found in #4, do you get the speed of light? (if not, check your work for questions #4 through #6). yes no

Agas contained within a piston-cylinder assembly undergoes three processes in series: process 12: compression with pv= constant from 1 bar and 1 liter to 4 bar. process 23: constant pressure expansion to 1 liter. process 31: constant volume calculate the pressure and volume at each state, and sketch the processes on a p-vdiagram labeled with pressure and volume values at each numbered stat

Steam is generated in a boiler of a cogeneration plant at 10 mpa and 450°c at a steady rate of 5 kg/s. in normal operation, steam expands in a turbine to a pressure of 0.5 mpa and is then routed to the process heater, where it supplies the process heat. steam leaves the process heater as a saturated liquid and is pumped to the boiler pressure. in this mode, no steam passes through a condenser, which operates at 20 kpa. (a) determine the power produced in the turbine and the rate at which process heat is supplied in this mode. (b) determine the power produced in the turbine and the rate of process heat supplied if only 60 percent of the steam is routed to the process heater and the remainder is expanded to the condenser pressure. (3.32 mw; 9.69 mw; 4.25 mw; 5.82 mw)