Set up a single layer atmosphere-Earth system and calculate the radiative equilibrium temperature of the Earth's surface, TE, and the single-layer atmosphere, TA. Assume that both the surface and the atmosphere are in radiative equilibrium independently(energy in = energy out). You can assume the emissivity of the Earth is 1 (a perfect blackbody) and the emissivity, e, of the atmosphere is 0.8 in the infrared. The overall emissivity is used to adjust the blackbody radiation law such that F = esT4, and thus a 'graybody' emits (and therefore also absorbs) less than a perfect blackbody. Recall that the solar constant, Fs= 1365 Wm-2, and the global average albedo, A, is 0.3.

freezing

deposition

condensation

explanation;

melting also called fusion is the process where solid becomes liquid, sublimation is the process where solid becomes gaseous without first changing to liquid, deposition involves change from gaseous to solid state, freezing involves change from liquid to solid, boiling or evaporation involves change of liquid to gaseous state, while condensation is the change from gaseous state to liquid state.

endothermic reactions involves absorption of heat from the surroundings or the environment while exothermic reactions involves loss of heat energy to the surroundings.

in this case, sublimation, evaporation and melting are endothermic reactions (gain energy from the environment) while, freezing, deposition and condensation are exothermic (loss of energy to the surroundings) reactions.

b

explanation: