A light ray propagates from air to glass. The refractive index for the glass is. Please help me I’m so bad at physics that I just wanna cry whenever I study it

Agas initially at p1 = 1 bar and occupying a volume of 0.5 liter is compressed within a piston–cylinder assembly to a final pressure p2 = 4 bar. (a) if the relationship between pressure and volume during the compression is pv = constant, determine the volume, in liters, at a pressure of 3 bar. (b) repeat for a linear pressure–volume relationship between the same end states. reference

Total solidification times of three casting geometries are to be compared: a sphere, a cylinder, in which the length-to-diameter ration - 1.0, and a cube. volume = 1000 cm^3 for all three shhapes, and the same casting alloy is used. a) determine the solidification times of each geometry b) based on the results of part (a), which geometric element would make the best riser? c) if the mold constant = 3.5 min/cm^2 in chvorinov's rule, compute the total solidification time for each casting.

Does the distance travelled by an oscillating mass between times t=0 and t2 equal the displacement of the particle over the same time period if t2> t/2? hint: consider a sine wave starting at t1=0, then consider a closing wave starting at t1=0, for your explanation.