How can a model be created to predict how forces affect objects at a distance?

Gravitational force increases as the masses of the objects increase and decreases as the distance between the objects increases. Balanced forces acting on an object cause no change in the motion of the object. When unbalanced forces act on an object, the sum of the forces is not equal to zero.

Explanation:

put it in your own words

it will be pushed away from the source of the electric field. a negative charge in a cloud induces a positive charge in the ground below the cloud.

explanation:

see the picture for the vector

the magnitude of the vector by pythagorean theorem

r = √( (-10)^2 + (3)^2 ) = √109

magnitude = √109 units

the direction angle between vector and x-axis is

tan^(-1)(3/10) = 16.699

so the direction is approximately 16.7 degrees north of west