In applying Vogel's approximation method to a profit maximization problem, row and column penalties are determined by:

One day, after pulling down your window shade, you notice that sunlight is passing through a pinhole in the shade and making a small patch of light on the far wall. you see that the patch of light seems to be a circular diffraction pattern. it appears that the central maximum is about 1 cm across and you estimate that the distance from the window shade to the wall is about 3 m. what is (a) the average wavelength of sunlight? (b) the diameter of the pinhole?

Gordon is going for a run through the park, but it is cold outside. the low outside temperature could affect his personal safety.

Which lists the pairs of plates in order from least to greatest in terms of the work done to move the electron?