Explain why both a power source (like a battery) and a complete circuit are necessary for an electromagnet to function. 

2kg of refrigerant 134a undergoes a polytropic process in a piston-cylinder assembly from an initial state of saturated vapor at 2 bar to a final state of 12 bar, 80 degree c. a)determine the work for the process in kj. b)sketch the process on a p-v diagram.

Carbon is allowed to diffuse through a steel plate 15 mm thick. the concentrations of carbon at the two faces are 0.65 and 0.30 kg c/m^3 fe, which are maintained constant. if the preexponential and activation energy are 6.2 x 10-7 m2 /s and 80,000 j/mol, respectively, compute the temperature at which the diffusion flux is 1.43 x 10^-9 kg/m^2 -s.

Two loudspeakers, 5.5 m apart and facing each other, play identical sounds of the same frequency. you stand halfway between them, where there is a maximum of sound intensity. moving from this point toward one of the speakers, you encounter a minimum of sound intensity when you have moved 0.33 m . assume the speed of sound is 340 m/s. part a) what is the frequency of the sound? part b) if the frequency is then increased while you remain 0.21 m from the center, what is the first frequency for which that location will be a maximum of sound intensity? express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.