A 1,450 kg car drives toward a 60 kg shopping cart that has a velocity of -1.2 m/s toward the car. The two objects collide, giving the car a final velocity of 5.13 m/s, and the shopping cart a velocity of 11.75 m/s. What was the initial velocity of the car? A. 5.67 m/s
B. 5.36 m/s
C. -5.36 m/s
D. -5.67 m/s

A) v₁ = 5.66 [m/s]

Explanation:

To solve this problem we must use the definition of linear momentum conservation, which tells us that momentum is conservation before and after a collision.

The linear momentum is equal to the mass by the product of the Velocity.

P = m*v

where:

P = lineal momentum [kg*m/s]

m = mass [kg]

v = velocity [m/s]

Now, to the right side of the equal sign will take the linear momentum before the collision and to the left side of the equal sign as after the collision.

Pbefore = Pafter

(m₁*v₁) - (m₂*v₂) = (m₁*v₃) + (m₂*v₄)

where:

m₁ = mass of the car = 1450 [kg]

v₁ = velocity of the car before the collision [m/s]

m₂ = mass of the shopping cart = 60 [kg]

v₂ = velocity of the shopping cart before the collision = -1.2 [m/s]

v₃ = velocity of the car after the collision = 5.13 [m/s]

v₄ = velocity of the shopping cart after the collision = 11.75 [m/s]

Now replacing:

(1450*v₁) - (60*1.2) = (1450*5.13) + (60*11.75)

1450*v₁ - 72 = 7438.5 + 705

1450*v₁  = 7438.5 + 705 + 72

1450*v₁ = 8215.5

v₁ = 5.66 [m/s]

atomic = no of protons.

mass number-atomic number = neutron number

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