What are duplet and octet elements??

Which changes of state do the labels represent? a: b: c:

Alinearly polarized electromagnetic wave has an average intensity of 196 w/m^2. this wave is directed towards two ideal polarizers (in real polarizers, transmission is also effected by reflection and absorption). polarizer a is oriented with its transmission axis at an angle of θ_1=20.8∘ with the incident electric field. polarizer b has its axis at an angle of θ_2=63.0∘ with the incident electric field. what is the average intensity of the wave after it passes through polarizer a? what is the average intensity of the wave after it passes through polarizer b? suppose that the two polarizers a and b are interchanged. what would the average intensity be after passing through both polarizers?

It is reasonable to assume that the bulk modulus of blood is about the same as that of water (2.2 gpa). as one goes deeper and deeper in the ocean, the pressure increases by 10000 pa for every meter below the surface. if a diver goes down 80.0 m in the ocean, by how much does each cubic centimeter of her blood change in volume? give the answer in cubic centimeters (actually one cubic centimeter equals one milliliter).