Write an equation for the magnitude of torque when a force is applied perpendicular to a surface away from the pivot point. What is the lever arm in this case

when it gains or loses electrons

this would be about 43%

both the fifth and fourteenth amendments of the united states contain a due process clause. while the fifth amendment describes a legal obligation of the federal government to not deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law, the fourteenth amendment applies the same obligation to the states to guarantee that all of the states provide fair procedures as well.