) Estimate how fast an electron is traveling from one dome to the other when this distance is the maximum this VDG can produce sparks. Consider that the VDG is a ~1MV. Do the results make sense? Show work [Hint: conservation of mechanical energy at its best…] Q3b) Do you expect brighter or dimmer sparks if the VDG was in a low-pressure chamber? Explain. How does this relate to the previous question? See one of the experiments I performed with a Tesla coil in UAH’s Propulsion lab here. Q3c) Imagine you approach a candle flame next to a VDG. Do you expect to see something interesting? Q3d) Imagine you try to discharge your VDG inside a tube that is filled with Argon (Ar). What do you think it would happen?

Follow these directions and answer the questions. 1. shine a pencil-thin beam of light on a mirror perpendicular to its surface. (if you don't have a laser light as suggested in the video, you can make a narrow beam from a flashlight by making a cone from black construction paper and taping it over the face of the flashlight.) how does the light reflect? how does the relationship of incident to reflected ray relate to the reflection of water waves moving perpendicular to a barrier? 2. shine a pencil-thin beam of light on a mirror standing on a sheet of paper on the table (or floor) so that you can mark the incident ray and reflected ray. (you can support the mirror from the back by taping it to a wooden block.) 3. mark a line on the paper representing the reflective surface. (the reflective surface of a mirror is usually the back edge.) 4. draw a dashed line perpendicular to the mirror surface at a point where the incident and reflected ray meet. this perpendicular is called a normal to the surface. 5. measure the angles between the rays and the normal. the angle of incidence is the angle formed by the incident ray and the normal to the surface. the angle formed by the reflected ray and normal is called the angle of reflection (r). what is the angle of incidence? what is the angle of reflection? 6. repeat for several different angles. (see report sheet for details.) what appears to be the relationship between the angle of incidence and angle of reflection? in science 1204, what was the relationship for these two angles made by the reflection of waves in a ripple tank? 7. roll a ball bearing so that it hits a fixed, hard surface (a metal plate) at several angles (including head-on). observe the way in which the ball bearing reflects. what generalization can you make about how a ball bearing reflects from a wall? have you proved that light can only behave like a wave?

Determine the fraction of the magnitude of kinetic energy lost by a neutron (m1 = 1.01 u) when it collides head-on and elastically with a target particle at rest which is 21h (heavy hydrogen, m = 2.01 u).

An isotope undergoes radioactive decay by emitting radiation that has a –1 charge. what other characteristic does the radiation have?