The scattering of a stream of positively charged particles when striking a thin film of gold confirms that the positive charge in an atom must be located in a dense central mass. atoms contain electrons in varying energy layers around the nucleus. electrons are found in the center of an atom. electrons can only be found within predicted areas surrounding the nucleus.

The scalar triple product computes the magnitude m of the moment of a force vector f about a specified line. it is m = (r × f) · n, where r is the position vector from the line to the point of application of the force and n is a unit vector in the direction of the line. use matlab to compute the magnitude m for the case where f = [12, −5, 4] n, r = [−3, 5, 2] m, and n = [6, 5, −7].