How is the ideal mechanical advantage of a wheel and axel calculated

What is the approximate amplitude of this wave a.10 seconds b.15 centimeters c.30 centimeters d.15 seconds

Assume that a person skiing high in the mountains at an altitude of h = 15100 ft takes in the same volume of air with each breath as she does while walking at sea level. determine the ratio of the mass of oxygen inhaled for each breath at this high altitude compared to that at sea level. assume that the air composition (i. e. % of air that is oxygen) is the same at sea level as it is at 15100 ft.

Energy flows from the producer level to the level. is called