How can one find the mechanical advantage of a pulley?

What would the difference of spectral lines emitted by hydrogen gas in distant galaxies which is normally found at a wavelength of 21 cm on earth, be observed at 21.1 centimeters?

During spring semester at mit, residents of the parallel buildings of the east campus dorms battle one another with large catapults that are made with surgical hose mounted on a window frame. a balloon filled with dyed water is placed in a pouch attached to the hose, which is then stretched through the width of the room. assume that the stretching of the hose obeys hooke's law with a spring constant of 89.0 n/m. if the hose is stretched by 5.80 m and then released, how much work does the force from the hose do on the balloon in the pouch by the time the hose reaches its relaxed length? unitst 3 number-1497 the tolerance is +/-5% open show work click if you would like to show work for this question:

Asolid cylinder and a cylindrical shell have the same mass, same radius, and turn on frictionless, horizontal axles. the cylindrical shell has light-weight spokes connecting the shell to the axle. a rope is wrapped around each cylinder and tied to blocks of equal masses that are held the same height above the ground. both blocks are released simultaneously. the ropes do not slip. which block hits the ground first? or is it a tie?