Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh have large populations and are dependent on subsistence agriculture. Large portions of these areas of Southeast Asia also face high levels of water resources vulnerability. Population pressures (external factors) are sometimes mitigated by high annual precipitation associated with monsoonal wind patterns (internal factors). 1. Select Water Resources Vulnerability and Average Annual Precipitation and select Split map window. 2. Zoom to South Asia and Change Projection to Orographic (Eastern Hemisphere). 3. Show Political Labels as needed. Annual precipitation values often mitigate the effects of other factors (e. g. population) that lead to water resources vulnerability. While much of the Indian subcontinent faces some degree of water resources vulnerability, summer monsoonal winds bring large amounts of rainfall to the region. Which of the following best states the relationship between water resources vulnerability and average annual precipitation in Southeast Asia ? a) Both water resources vulnerability and annual precipitation follow a southwest to northeast gradient along the Indian subcontinent. b) North-central India has both high annual precipitation and low water resources vulnerability associated with seasonal monsoonal rains. c) The areas with the highest levels of water resource vulnerability also have high annual precipitation values, indicating an inverse relationship between these two variables. d) Water resources vulnerability is highest in areas affected by monsoonal precipitation (e. g. Bangladesh) due to low winter precipitation conditions associated with seasonal reversals of wind patterns. e) The annual precipitation is significantly higher in northeast India and Bangladesh than in northwestern India and Pakistan, corresponding to lower water resources vulnerability.

  sequence  is a continuous and distinctive band of  stars  that appears on plots of stellar  color  versus  brightness. these color-magnitude plots are known as  hertzsprung–russell diagramsafter their co-developers,  ejnar hertzsprungand  henry norris russell. stars on this band are known as  main-sequence stars  or  dwarf stars. these are the most numerous true stars in the universe, and include the earth's  sun.after condensation and ignition of a star, it generates  thermal energy  in its dense core region through  nuclear fusion  of  hydrogen  into  helium. during this stage of the star's lifetime, it is located on the main sequence at a position determined primarily by its mass, but also based upon its chemical composition and age. the cores of main-sequence stars are in  hydrostatic equilibrium, where outward thermal pressure from the hot core is balanced by the inward pressure of  gravitational collapse  from the overlying layers. the strong dependence of the rate of energy generation on temperature and pressure to sustain this balance. energy generated at the core makes its way to the surface and is radiated away at the  photosphere. the energy is carried by either  radiation  or  convection, with the latter occurring in regions with steeper temperature gradients, higher opacity or both.the main sequence is sometimes divided into upper and lower parts, based on the dominant process that a star uses to generate energy. stars below about 1.5 times the  mass of the sun  (1.5  m☉) primarily fuse hydrogen atoms together in a series of stages to form helium, a sequence called the  proton–proton chain. above this mass, in the upper main sequence, the nuclear fusion process mainly uses atoms of  carbon,  nitrogen  and  oxygen  as intermediaries in the  cno cycle  that produces helium from hydrogen atoms. main-sequence stars with more than two solar masses undergo convection in their core regions, which acts to stir up the newly created helium and maintain the proportion of fuel needed for fusion to occur. below this mass, stars have cores that are entirely radiative with convective zones near the surface. with decreasing stellar mass, the proportion of the star forming a convective envelope steadily increases. main-sequence stars below 0.4  m☉undergo convection throughout their mass. when core convection does not occur, a helium-rich core develops surrounded by an outer layer of hydrogen.in general, the more massive a star is, the shorter its lifespan on the main sequence. after the hydrogen fuel at the core has been consumed, the star  evolves  away from the main sequence on the hr diagram, into a  supergiant,  red giant, or directly to a  white dwarf.

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