A LED light source contains a 0.5-Watts GaAs (Eg =1.43 eV) LED. Assuming that 0.12% of the electric energy is converted to emission. (a) Calculate the momentum of this LED source that generates electron-hole pair and the number of emitted photons per second. (b) If the spectral width of this LED is 30 nm, estimate the frequency spectral width f. (c) A receiver requires an input power of 10 nW. If all the system losses add up to 50 dB, then how much power is requires from the LED source?

Explanation:

energy emitted by  source per second  = .5 J

Eg = 1.43 eV .

Energy converted into radiation = .5 x .12 = .06 J

energy of one photon = 1.43 eV

= 1.43 x 1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ J

= 2.288 x 10⁻¹⁹ J .

no of photons generated = .06 / 2.288 x 10⁻¹⁹

= 2.6223 x 10¹⁷

wavelength of photon λ = 1275 / 1.43 nm

= 891.6 nm .

momentum of photon = h / λ  ;  h is plank's constant

= 6.6 x 10⁻³⁴ / 891.6 x 10⁻⁹

= .0074 x 10⁻²⁵ J.s

Total momentum of all the photons generated

= .0074 x 10⁻²⁵  x 2.6223 x 10¹⁷

= .0194 x 10⁻⁸ Js

b ) spectral width in terms of wavelength = 30 nm

frequency width = ?

n = c / λ  , n is frequency , c is velocity of light and λ is wavelength

differentiating both sides

dn = c x dλ / λ²

given dλ = 30 nm

λ = 891.6 nm

dn = 3 x 10⁸ x 30 x 10⁻⁹ / ( 891.6  x 10⁻⁹ )²

= 11.3 x 10¹² Hz .

c )

10 nW = 10  x 10⁻⁹ W

= 10⁻⁸ W .

energy of 50 dB

50 dB = 5 B

I / I₀ = 10⁵   ;   decibel scale is logarithmic , I is energy of sound having dB = 50 and  I₀ = 10⁻¹² W /s

I = I₀ x 10⁵

= 10⁻¹² x 10⁵

= 10⁻⁷ W

= 10 x 10⁻⁸ W

power required

= 10⁻⁸ + 10 x 10⁻⁸ W

= 11  x 10⁻⁸ W.

elctricity and magnet is conversion to it